This is an X-ray type of evaluation of the fallopian tube using a thin catheter inserted through the cervix and uterus to inject a dye that reveals the outline of the fallopian tube. A series of X-ray images shows the filling of the fallopian tubes, revealing to the physician whether the fallopian tubes are blocked.
Doctors may also be able to see that the fallopian tube is enlarged using an ultrasound imaging test. Laparoscopy surgery , in which a small tube with a camera is inserted through small incisions in the belly, allows the surgeon to administer dye that can show if the fallopian tube is blocked by hydrosalpinx. Using minimally invasive surgery known as salpingostomy, surgeons can remove the damaged and enlarged areas of the fallopian tube by cutting them off and taking them out.
They can also reopen the sealed end of the fallopian tube. Removing the tube entirely is also an option, which is called a salpingectomy. IVF is required for pregnancy after salpingectomy.
Surgeons may also clip or burn the affected ends of the tubes and leave the tube in place prior to IVF. As with any surgery, these procedures carry risks including reaction to anesthesia, blood loss, scarring, tissue damage and pain. The swelling and blockage most often occur at the end of the fallopian tube where it connects to the ovary called the fimbrial end , preventing the ovulated egg from entering the fallopian tube where it is normally fertilized by the sperm.
Hydrosalpinx, a form of tubal factor infertility, can be caused by pelvic infections including chlamydia , pelvic surgery, endometriosis , adhesions and some tumors.
Sperm and an egg meet in the fallopian tube for fertilization. A blocked tube can prevent them from joining. If both tubes are fully blocked, pregnancy without treatment will be impossible. If the fallopian tubes are partially blocked, you can potentially get pregnant. However, the risk of an ectopic pregnancy increases. In these cases, your doctor might recommend in vitro fertilization IVF , depending on whether treatment is possible. Fertility drugs can help increase your chance of ovulating on the open side.
Fallopian tubes are usually blocked by scar tissue or pelvic adhesions. These can be caused by many factors, including:.
However, you can decrease your risk of STIs by using a condom during sex. Hysterosalpingography HSG is a type of X-ray used to examine the inside of fallopian tubes to help diagnose blockages. During HSG, your doctor introduces a dye into your uterus and fallopian tubes. The dye helps your doctor see more of the inside of your fallopian tubes on the X-ray. It should take place within the first half of your menstrual cycle.
Side effects are rare, but false positive results are possible. If the doctor finds a blockage during the procedure, they might remove it, if possible. If your fallopian tubes are blocked by small amounts of scar tissue or adhesions, your doctor can use laparoscopic surgery to remove the blockage and open the tubes. If your fallopian tubes are blocked by large amounts of scar tissue or adhesions, treatment to remove the blockages may not be possible.
Surgery to repair tubes damaged by ectopic pregnancy or infection may be an option. If a blockage is caused because part of the fallopian tube is damaged, a surgeon can remove the damaged part and connect the two healthy parts. Your chances for pregnancy will depend on the treatment method and severity of the block. A successful pregnancy is more likely when the blockage is near the uterus.
Success rates are lower if the blockage is at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary. The chance of getting pregnant after surgery for tubes damaged by an infection or ectopic pregnancy is small. It depends on how much of the tube must be removed and what part is removed. Talk to your doctor before treatment to understand your chances for a successful pregnancy. The most common complication of blocked fallopian tubes and treatment is ectopic pregnancy.
If a fallopian tube is partially blocked, an egg may be able to be fertilized, but it may get stuck in the tube. This results in an ectopic pregnancy, which is a medical emergency. Create a personalised content profile. Measure ad performance. Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile.
Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. The fallopian tubes are two thin tubes, one on each side of the uterus, which help lead the mature egg from the ovaries to the uterus. When an obstruction prevents the egg from traveling down the tube, a woman has a blocked fallopian tube, also known as tubal factor infertility.
It's unusual for women with blocked fallopian tubes to experience any symptoms. Many women assume that if they are having regular periods, their fertility is fine. This isn't always true. Each month, when ovulation occurs, an egg is released from one of the ovaries. The egg travels from the ovary, through the tubes, and into the uterus.
The sperm also need to swim from the cervix, through the uterus, and through the fallopian tubes to get to the egg. Fertilization usually takes place while the egg is traveling through the tube. If one or both fallopian tubes are blocked, the egg cannot reach the uterus, and the sperm cannot reach the egg, preventing fertilization and pregnancy. It's also possible for the tube not to be blocked totally, but only partially.
This can increase the risk of a tubal pregnancy, or ectopic pregnancy. Unlike anovulation , where irregular menstrual cycles may hint to a problem, blocked fallopian tubes rarely cause symptoms. A specific kind of blocked fallopian tube called hydrosalpinx may cause lower abdominal pain and unusual vaginal discharge, but not every woman will have these symptoms. Hydrosalpinx is when a blockage causes the tube to dilate increase in diameter and fill with fluid. The fluid blocks the egg and sperm, preventing fertilization and pregnancy.
However, some of the causes of blocked fallopian tubes can have their own symptoms. For example, endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease PID may cause painful menstruation and painful sexual intercourse. Acute pelvic infections can be life-threatening. The most common cause of blocked fallopian tubes is PID.
Blocked tubes are usually diagnosed with a specialized x-ray called a hysterosalpingogram , or HSG. An HSG is one of the basic fertility tests ordered for every couple struggling to conceive. The test involves placing a dye through the cervix using a tiny tube.
Once the dye is in place, x-rays of the pelvic area are taken. If all is normal, the dye will go through the uterus and fallopian tubes and spill out around the ovaries and into the pelvic cavity.
If the dye doesn't get through the tubes, then you may have a blocked fallopian tube. If this happens, the doctor may repeat the test another time, or order a different test to confirm. Other tests that may be ordered include ultrasound, exploratory laparoscopic surgery , or hysteroscopy in which a thin camera is placed through the cervix to look at the uterus.
Blood work to check for the presence of chlamydia antibodies which would imply previous or current infection may also be ordered. If you have one open tube and are otherwise healthy, you might be able to get pregnant without too much help. Your doctor may give you fertility drugs to increase the chances of ovulating on the side with the open tube. This is not an option, however, if both tubes are blocked. In some cases, laparoscopic surgery can open blocked tubes or remove scar tissue.
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